B11 – caponnière, caponier, covered
B11 English : caponnière, caponier, covered Croatian : kaponir (zatvoreni) Czech : dvoukaponiéra, krytá Dutch : caponnière, gesloten French : caponnière double (une) German : Grabenwehr (f) / Kaponniere (f)…
B11 English : caponnière, caponier, covered Croatian : kaponir (zatvoreni) Czech : dvoukaponiéra, krytá Dutch : caponnière, gesloten French : caponnière double (une) German : Grabenwehr (f) / Kaponniere (f)…
B10 English : caponnière, caponier, open Croatian : kaponir (dvostrani zemljani) Czech : dvoukaponiéra, otevřená Dutch : caponnière, open French : double caponnière (une) German : Koffer (m) / Erdkoffer…
English : bastion (half circular) Croatian : okrugli bastion, rondela Czech : rondel Dutch : bastei French : fer à cheval (un) German : Bastei (f) / Rondell (n) Italian…
English : round tower Croatian : okrugli toranj, okrugla kula Czech : bašta Dutch : rondeel French : rondelle (une) German : Rundbastion (f) Italian: Torre circolare Lithuanian : rondelis…
BO5 English turret, tower Croatian toranj, kula (flankirajući) Czech bašta (flankovací) Dutch muurtoren French tour flanquante (une) German Turm (m) Italian Torre Lithuanian bokštas Polish Wykusz (różne formy: półkolista; o…
B02a: B02b B02c B02d English merlon, crenel hole wallwalk, allure machicoulis Croatian prsobran otvor (rupa) za sipanje bedemski hodnik, galerija mašikul Czech cimbuří licí otvor ochoz podsebití Dutch kanteel/tinne werpgat…
Croatian B01 B01b B01c B01d B01e English Croatian Czech různé druhy cimbuří Dutch muurvertandingen French merlon à chaperon (m) German Zinne (f), verschiedene Formen Dachzinne (f) Breitzinne (f) Rundzinne (f)…
We have just learned with sadness of the death on June 11 of our friend Evert Nicolas Westerhuis (1943-2026), treasurer of the IFC and member of Menno von Coehoorn. Evert…
A13 English starfort, fort of stellar trace Croatian zvjezdoliko utvrđenje Czech hvězda Dutch sterrenschansen French ouvrage tenaillé (un), ouvrage en étoile (un) German Sternschanze (f) / Sternwerk (n) Italian Ridotte…
A12 A12a A12b A12c A12d A12e English earthwork, quadrangular, bastioned earthwork, quadrangular with half bastions earthwork, triangular, bastioned earthwork, triangular with half bastions Croatian kvadratno utvrđenje s bastionima kvadratno utvrđenje…
A09a A09b A09c A09d A09e A09f English : bastion, round bastion, almond shaped bastion, rounded bastion, tenailled bastion, mixed form bastion, rectangular Croatian : rondela, kružni bastion bastion, bademoliki bastion…
A08a A08b A08c English hollow (empty) bastion bastion, full (solid) bastion bastion, solid, with cat (cavalier) Croatian šuplji bastion, prazni bastion bastion, puni (čvrsti) bastion puni bastion s kavalirom Czech…
A07a: A07b: A07c: A07d: A07e: A07f: English : bastion (Old Italian system) bastion (New Italian system) bastion (old Dutch system) bastion (improved Dutch system) bastion (Vauban system) bastion (new Dutch…
In June 2024, the municipalities of Almeida, Marvao and Valença do Minho presented an official request for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List for the Raia fortifications. This handover…