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Dictionary

Multilingual Fortification Dictionary

The Multilingual Fortification Dictionary (MFD) contains a illustrated list of fortifications and their translations in multiple languages ; The initiative for founding this dictionary came from Mr. Carlos Scheltema, IFC general secretary, honorary member of the Stichting Menno van Coehoorn and ICOMOS, in 2005.

In 2018, the IFC initiate the publication of the MFD on our website. We complete some definition and translation since now and we can propose the translation in 12 language (Croatian, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish).

The IFC is considering to add new languages and new time periods, eventually including the ‘concrete’ and ‘reinforced concrete century’. IFC and will cooperate. Due to various circumstances work on the dictionary came to a standstill. Apart from that the layout of the dictionary’s website is outdated. The IFC plans on restarting the work on the dictionary and giving the website a new and modern look.. In October 2025, our general assembly in Evora (Portugal) decided to resume work on the dictionary in order to update it in light of research conducted in recent years on fortifications EFFORTS and to provide translations for new term.

Il some terms can be translate easely, for a definition of the World War II Atlantikwall (Sudwall and Siegfried line), see: /files/Atlantikwall_definition_of_a_phenomenon.pdf

You are invited to use the dictionary and to send comments etc. to the Secretariat (secretariat@internationalfortresscoucil.org ), that will forward the comments to the Multilingual Fortification Dictionary Working Group

Basic forms of fortification

Basic forms of fortification

A07a to A07f- Bastions a: ld italian system, b:New Italian system, c: old Dutch system,d:improved Dutch system, e:Vauban system, f: new Dutch system

A07a: A07b: A07c: A07d: A07e: A07f: English : bastion (Old Italian system) bastion (New Italian system) bastion (old Dutch system) bastion (improved Dutch system) bastion (Vauban system) bastion (new Dutch

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Basic forms of fortification

A08a to A08c -a : hollow (empty) b : bastion, full (solid) , c: bastion, solid, with cat (cavalier)

A08a A08b A08c English hollow (empty) bastion bastion, full (solid) bastion bastion, solid, with cat (cavalier) Croatian šuplji bastion, prazni bastion bastion, puni (čvrsti) bastion puni bastion s kavalirom Czech

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Basic forms of fortification

A09a to A09f – a : bastion, round, b : bastion, almond shaped, c : bastion, rounded, d : bastion, tenailled, e : bastion, mixed form, f : bastion, rectangular

A09a A09b A09c A09d A09e A09f English : bastion, round bastion, almond shaped bastion, rounded bastion, tenailled bastion, mixed form bastion, rectangular Croatian : rondela, kružni bastion bastion, bademoliki bastion

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Basic forms of fortification

A12 to A12e – a : earthwork, quadrangular, bastioned, b : earthwork, quadrangular with half bastions, c : earthwork, triangular, bastioned, d : earthwork, triangular with half bastions

A12 A12a A12b A12c A12d A12e English earthwork, quadrangular, bastioned earthwork, quadrangular with half bastions earthwork, triangular, bastioned earthwork, triangular with half bastions Croatian kvadratno utvrđenje s bastionima kvadratno utvrđenje

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Basic forms of fortification

A13 – starfort, fort of stellar trace

A13 English starfort, fort of stellar trace Croatian zvjezdoliko utvrđenje Czech hvězda Dutch sterrenschansen French ouvrage tenaillé (un), ouvrage en étoile (un) German Sternschanze (f) / Sternwerk (n) Italian Ridotte

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B01a to B01e

Croatian B01 B01b B01c B01d B01e English Croatian Czech různé druhy cimbuří Dutch muurvertandingen French merlon à chaperon (m) German Zinne (f), verschiedene Formen Dachzinne (f) Breitzinne (f) Rundzinne (f)

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B02a to B02d – a : merlon, crenel, b : hole, c : wallwalk, allure, d : machicoulis

B02a: B02b B02c B02d English merlon, crenel hole wallwalk, allure machicoulis Croatian prsobran otvor (rupa) za sipanje bedemski hodnik, galerija mašikul Czech cimbuří licí otvor ochoz podsebití Dutch kanteel/tinne werpgat

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B05 – turret, tower

BO5 English turret, tower Croatian toranj, kula (flankirajući) Czech bašta (flankovací) Dutch muurtoren French tour flanquante (une) German Turm (m) Italian Torre Lithuanian bokštas Polish Wykusz (różne formy: półkolista; o

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B06- round tower

English : round tower Croatian : okrugli toranj, okrugla kula Czech : bašta Dutch : rondeel French : rondelle (une) German : Rundbastion (f) Italian: Torre circolare Lithuanian : rondelis

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B07- bastion (half circular)

English : bastion (half circular) Croatian : okrugli bastion, rondela Czech : rondel Dutch : bastei French : fer à cheval (un) German : Bastei (f) / Rondell (n) Italian

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B10 – caponnière, caponier, open

B10 English : caponnière, caponier, open Croatian : kaponir (dvostrani zemljani) Czech : dvoukaponiéra, otevřená Dutch : caponnière, open French : double caponnière (une) German : Koffer (m) / Erdkoffer

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B11 – caponnière, caponier, covered

B11 English : caponnière, caponier, covered Croatian : kaponir (zatvoreni) Czech : dvoukaponiéra, krytá Dutch : caponnière, gesloten French : caponnière double (une) German : Grabenwehr (f) / Kaponniere (f)

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B12 – bastion with caponier

B12: English : bastion with caponier Croatian : vrat bastiona (s topovskim položajima) Czech : dvoukaponiéra bastionového půdorysu Dutch : bastionet-caponnière French : caponnière en as de pique (une) German

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B13 – tri-lobed caponier at angle of wall

B13 English : Croatian : dva vezana kaponira Czech : kaponiéra Kočičí uši Dutch : caponnière, dubbele hoek French : oreille de chat (une), caponnière à oreille de chat German

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B15 – echauguette, sentry-box, guerite, bartizan

B15 English : echauguette, sentry-box, guerite, bartizan Croatian : stražarnica Czech : strážní věžička Dutch : spietoren / arkel / peperbus / sentinel French : guérite (une), échauguette (une) German

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Extensions, annexes, superstructures, expansions

B16 – machicolation

B16 English : machicolation Croatian : mašikul Czech : arkýř Dutch : mezenkouw French : bretèche (une) German : Pechnase (f) / Gusserker (m) Italian : Guardiola. Bertesca Lithuanian :

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Bastion systems

Bastion systems

C01 – old Italian system

C01 English : old Italian system Croatian : stari talijanski sistem Czech : staroitalský systém Dutch : oud Italiaans stelsel French : ancien système italien German : altitalienisches System (n)

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Bastion systems

C02 – new Italian system

C02 English : new Italian system Croatian : novi talijanski sistem Czech : novoitalský systém Dutch : nieuw Italiaans stelsel French : nouveau système italien German : neuitalienische System (n)

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Bastion systems

C03 – French system, 1st Vauban

C03: English : French system, 1st Vauban Croatian : prvi Vaubanov sistem Czech : Vaubanův první systém Dutch : Frans stelsel, 1e Vauban French : premier système de Vauban German

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Bastion systems

C04 – French, system, 2nd Vauban

C04 English : French, system, 2nd Vauban Croatian : drugi Vaubanov sistem Czech : Vaubanův druhý systém Dutch : Frans stelsel, 2e Vauban French : deuxième système de Vauban German

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Bastion systems

C05 – French system, 3rd Vauban

C05 English : French system, 3rd Vauban Croatian : treći Vaubanov sistem Czech : Vaubanův třetí systém Dutch : Frans stelsel, 3e Vauban French : troisième système de Vauban German

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Bastion systems

C06 -old Dutch system

C06: English : old Dutch system Croatian : stari Nizozemski (Holandski) sistem Czech : staroholandský systém Dutch : oud Nederlands stelsel French : ancien système néerlandais German : altniederländisches System

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Advanced works in bastioned systems

Detached works

Designations, profiles, construction lines and angles in bastion-systems

Directions of fire

Places of arms

Barricades and materials

Hydraulic constructions

Shelters, bunkers and casemates

Siege works and -instruments